Production and composition of Lavender oil: nutritional management and cultivation systems / Producción y composición de aceite de lavanda: manejo nutricional y sistemas de cultivo

The objective was to evaluate the production and composition of lavender essential oil, simultaneously at open field and greenhouse, in spring-summer season, under different types of fertilization. Each cultivation system was considered an experiment (field and greenhouse), and in both, the experimental design used was randomized blocks, with five treatments, being fertilization with nutrient source -100% mineral (100%M), 100% organic (100%O), 100% organomineral (100%OM), 50% organomineral (50%OM), and without fertilization (control), and three repetitions. Better performance and productivity of Lavandula dentatais related to respectively 100% OM and 50% OM fertilization in the field and greenhouse. The essential oil content does not differ between cultivation systems and kind of fertilizers, and the majorities compounds were 1.8-cineol, fenchone and camphor.

El objetivo fue evaluar la producción y composición del aceite esencial de lavanda a campo abierto e invernadero simultáneamente, en la temporada primavera-verano, bajo diferentes tipos de fertilización. Cada sistema de cultivo fue considerado un experimento (campo e invernadero), y en ambos, el diseño experimental utilizado fue bloques al azar, con cinco tratamientos, siendo la fertilización con fuente de nutrientes 100% mineral (100% M), 100% orgánico (100% O), 100% organomineral (100% MO), 50% organomineral (50% MO), y sin fertilización (control), y tres repeticiones. Un mejor rendimiento y productividad de Lavandula dentata está relacionado con una fertilización de 100%OM y 50% OM en el campo y en invernadero, respectivamente. El contenido de aceite esencial no difiere entre sistemas de cultivo y tipo de fertilizante, y los compuestos mayoritarios fueron 1.8-cineol, fenchone y alcanfor.

Variation analysis of bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates production using saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons

ABSTRACT Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are efficient, renewable and environment friendly polymeric esters. These polymers are synthesized by a variety of microbes under stress conditions. This study was carried out to check the suitability of waste frying oil in comparison to other oils for economical bioplastic production. Six bacterial strains were isolated and identified as Bacillus cereus (KF270349), Klebsiella pneumoniae (KF270350), Bacillus subtilis (KF270351), Brevibacterium halotolerance (KF270352), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (KF270353), and Stenotrophomonas rhizoposid (KF270354) by ribotyping. All strains were PHA producers so were selected for PHA synthesis using four different carbon sources, i.e., waste frying oil, canola oil, diesel and glucose. Extraction of PHA was carried out using sodium hypochlorite method and maximum amount was detected after 72 h in all cases. P. aeruginosa led to maximum PHA production after 72 h at 37 °C and 100 rpm using waste frying oil that was 53.2% PHA in comparison with glucose 37.8% and cooking oil 34.4%. B. cereus produced 40% PHA using glucose as carbon source which was high when compared against other strains. A significantly lesser amount of PHA was recorded with diesel as a carbon source for all strains. Sharp Infrared peaks around 1740-1750 cm-1 were present in Fourier Transform Infrared spectra that correspond to exact position for PHA. The use of waste oils and production of poly-3hydroxybutyrate-co-3hydroxyvalerate (3HB-co-3HV) by strains used in this study is a good aspect to consider for future prospects as this type of polymer has better properties as compared to PHBs.

Role of γ-oryzanol in drought-tolerant and susceptible cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Drought-tolerant cultivars and their phytochemical composition, which has a role in providing drought tolerance are gaining importance. In this study, rice bran oil and semi-purified oryzanol (SPO) obtained from five rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars, namely P1401 and PB1 (drought-susceptible) and N22, PNR381 and APO (drought-tolerant) were analyzed for the γ-oryzanol content, an antioxidant present in considerable amount in the rice bran. The higher level of γ-oryzanol and its antioxidant activity was observed in drought-tolerant cultivars (N22, PNR381 and APO) as compared to drought-susceptible (PB1 and P1401), suggesting the role of γ-oryzanol in drought tolerance, as antioxidants are known to play an important role by scavenging free radicals. The total antioxidant activity of γ-oryzanol might be attributed to 24-methylene cycloartanyl ferulate, a major component of γ-oryzanol. By enhancing the level of active oryzanol components identified in this study by genetic and molecular means could impart increased drought tolerance.

Effect of temperature and initial pH on biohydrogen production from palm oil mill effluent: long-term evaluation and microbial community analysis

Anaerobic sludge from palm oil mill effluent (POME) treatment plant was used as a source of inocula for the conversion of POME into hydrogen. Optimization of temperature and initial pH for biohydrogen production from POME was investigated by response surface methodology. Temperature of 60ºC and initial pHof 5.5 was optimized for anaerobic microflora which gave a maximum hydrogen production of 4820 ml H2/l-POME corresponding to hydrogen yield of 243 ml H2/g-sugar. Total sugar consumption and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency were 98.7 percent and 46 percent respectively. Long-term hydrogen production in continuous reactor at HRT of 2 days, 1 day and 12 hrs were 4850 +/- 90, 4660 +/- 99 and 2590 +/- 120 ml H2/l-POME, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the mixed culture revealed that members involved hydrogen producers in both batch and continuous reactors were phylogenetically related to the Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum. Batch reactor showed more diversity of microorganisms than continuous reactor. Microbial community structure of batch reactor was comprised of T. thermosaccharolyticum, T. bryantii, Thermoanaerobacterium sp., Clostridium thermopalmarium and Clostridium NS5-4, while continuous reactor was comprised of T. thermosaccharolyticum, T. bryantii and Thermoanaerobacterium sp. POME is good substrate for biohydrogen production under thermophilic condition with Thermoanaerobacterium species play an important role in hydrogen fermentation.

Potential use of lactobacillus casei TISTR 1500 for the bioconversion from palmyra sap and oil palm sap to lactic acid

Lactic acid is a product that finds several applications in food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and chemical industries. The main objective of this work is to evaluate potential use of the sap from palmyra (Borassus flabellifer Linn.) and oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) as substrate for lactic acid production by Lactobacillus casei TISTR 1500. The effects of acid hydrolysis, pH control and nutrient supplement of palmyra sap and oil palm sap on fermentation performance were investigated. It was found that lactic acid fermentation using palmyra sap was not significantly affected by either acid hydrolysis or pH control. The addition of MRS increased biomass and product yield. The final lactic acid concentration, dry cell weight and productivity were increased by increasing the total sugars of palmyra sap concentrations up to 134.0 g L-1. The kinetic parameters for the palmyra sap at 134.0 g L-1 total sugars were calculated to be of: specific growth rate (u) 0.05 h-1, the maximum productivity (R M) 2.02 g lactic acid L-1 h-1, cellular yield coefficient (Y X/S) 0.20 g cell g-1 sugar, and lactic acid yield (Y P/S) 0.78 g g-1. When oil palm sap was used as carbon source for L. casei TISTR 1500, pH control did not significantly affect lactic acid production. The addition of MRS medium into oil palm sap improved the biomass and the product yield for which the lactic acid production in static flask at 37ºC and pH 5.5 using 20 g L-1 of total sugars was improved to be of 0.55 g L-1 h-1. Oil palm sap could be served as a good potential source of raw materials for efficient production of lactic acid by L. casei TISTR 1500.

Calidad nutricional en variedades de maní tegua y granoleico: estabilidad y aceptabilidad de sus aceites: efecto de su ingesta sobre niveles de lípidos plasmáticos en ratones / Nutritional quality tegua peanut varieties and granola: stability and acceptability of their oils: effect of intake on plasma lipid levels in mice

El maní es una de las principales oleaginosas del mundo y Argentina es uno de sus principales productores y exportadores. En la provincia de Córdoba se concentra el 94,63% del cultivo. Las variedades del tipo Runner: cultivar Tegua y Granoleico, presentan perfiles muy diferentes de ácidos grasos. El alto contenido en ácido graso nonoinsaturado en los productos derivados de maní lo hace muy estable ante los procesos de oxidación y altamente beneficioso para la prevención de enfermedades cardiovasculares. El objetivo de este estudio fue valorar la calidad nutricional de los maníes de las variedades Tegua (T) y Granoleico (GO) mediante el análisis de la estabilidad y aceptabilidad de sus aceites y en especial la evaluación de sus efectos sobre los lípidos plasmáticos en ratones Albino swiss. Materiales y métodos: Se utilizaron granos de maní de las variedades citadas, se determinaron macronutrientes, humedad, minerales y tocoferoles. Se obtuvo aceite de maní por método de prensado en frío. Se evaluó la composición de ácidos grasos y se la comparó con las de otros aceites vegetales (girasol, maíz, soja, canola y oliva). Estabilidad. Se analizaron índice de peróxido(IP), índice de p‐anisidina (IA) y dienos conjugados (DC) en aceites puros (T‐GO 100‐0 y T‐GO 0‐ 100) y en mezclas de las variedades: al 25% (T‐GO 75‐25), al 50% (T‐GO 50‐50) y al 75% (T‐GO 25‐ 75) almacenados en estufa a 60 ºC. Lípidos plasmáticos. Se realizó un modelo experimental conratones Albino swiss (n=81), se utilizaron dietas semisintéticas con la adición de aceites refinados de girasol, oliva, maní GO y dieta comercial. Se controló el peso semanalmente. A los 77 y 126 días de tratamiento se los sacrificó y midieron los lípidos plasmáticos: triglicéridos, colesterol total, cHDL y cLDL. Análisis sensorial. Se comparó la aceptabilidad de los aceites de maní, girasol y oliva extravirgen. Estadística. Varianza, test de LSD Fisher (α=0,05) y regresión.

Flaxseed, olive and fish oil influence plasmatic lipids, lymphocyte migration and morphometry of the intestinal of Wistar rats / Óleo de linhaça, oliva e peixe influenciam os lipídios plasmáticos, migração de linfócitos e morfometria intestinal de ratos Wistar

PURPOSE: Evaluate the effect of flaxseed, olive and fish oil on the lipid profile, preservation of villosities and lymphocyte migration in the intestinal mucosa of Wistar rats. METHODS: Thirty Wistar male rats were divided into four groups, which received the AIN-93M diet, with changes only to their lipid source: flaxseed, olive, fish, and soy oil (control group). The serum was separated for the biochemical parameter analysis. A histological evaluation was performed in the ileal portion. RESULTS: The group which was fed fish oil presented lower values when compared to the other treatments for Total Cholesterol, High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Triacylglycerol (p<0.05). The animals treated with fish and olive oils presented better intestinal villosities preservation. Less deposition of lymphocytes was observed in the flaxseed group (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that flaxseed, olive and fish oils present different responses than soy oil for the intestinal mucosa preservation and lymphocyte proliferation in Wistar rats.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito dos óleos de linhaça, oliva e peixe no perfil lipídico, preservação das vilosidades e migração de linfócitos na mucosa intestinal de ratos Wistar. MÉTODOS: Trinta ratos Wistar foram divididos em quarto grupos e receberam dieta AIN-93M, modificando para cada grupo apenas a fonte lipídica: óleo de linhaça, oliva, peixe e soja ( grupo controle). O soro foi separado para análise dos parâmetros bioquímicos. A análise histológica foi realizada na porção ileal. RESULTADOS: O grupo que recebeu óleo de peixe apresentou menores valores de colesterol total, lipoproteína de alta densidade e triacilglicerol (p<0.05). Os animais tratados com óleo de peixe e oliva apresentaram melhor preservação das vilosidades intestinais. Menor deposição de linfócitos foi observado no grupo tratado com óleo de linhaça (p<0.001). CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo demonstrou que os óleos de linhaça, oliva e peixe apresentam diferentes respostas em relação ao óleo de soja na preservação da mucosa intestinal e proliferação de linfócitos em ratos Wistar.

Manipulation of the fatty acids composition of poultry meat and giblets by dietary inclusion of two oil sources and conjugated linoleic acid / Mudança na composição de ácidos graxos das vísceras e da carne de aves tratadas com uma dieta contendo ácido linoléico conjugado e duas fontes de óleo

The effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in association with two vegetable oil sources on the fatty acids of meat and giblets of broiler chickens was evaluated. Two hundred 21-day-old broiler chickens were distributed in a completely randomized factorial design 2 x 5 (two oil sources, soybean or canola oil; and five levels of CLA, 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0g/kg). The addition of CLA to the diet resulted in an increase (P<0.05) in CLA deposition in the analyzed tissues. CLA supplementation also reduced (P<0.05) the rate of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids in thigh, breast, heart, and gizzard. There was interaction of CLA x oil source (P<0.05). The intake of soybean oil, associated with increasing CLA, resulted in an increase in lipid deposition in edible portions as observed by an increase in the overall content of fatty acids, including CLA, while the use of canola oil, associated with increasing CLA in the diet, resulted in a decrease in lipid content in edible portions, specifically regarding that of saturated fat (P<0.05) in breast meat and liver and in the content of monounsaturated fatty acids (P<0.05) in thigh, breast, liver, and gizzard.

Avaliou-se o efeito da suplementação de ácido linoléico conjugado (CLA) associado com duas fontes de óleo na dieta de frangos de corte sobre a composição de ácidos graxos das vísceras e da carne de aves. Duzentos frangos de corte, machos, com 21 dias de idade, foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 2 x 5 (duas fontes de óleo, soja e canola e cinco níveis de CLA, 0,0, 2,5, 5,0, 7,5 e 10,0g/kg). A adição de CLA na dieta resultou em aumento (P<0,05) de sua deposição na carne e nas vísceras de aves. Foi observado decréscimo (P<0,05) na taxa de poliinsaturados:saturados nas carnes da coxa e do peito, no coração e na moela com a suplementação de CLA. Houve interação (P<0,05) CLA x fonte de óleo. O uso de teores crescentes de CLA na dieta contendo óleo de soja na dieta resultou em aumento (P<0,05) no conteúdo lipídico. O contrário foi verificado com a utilização de óleo de canola, especificamente no conteúdo de ácidos graxos saturados (P<0,05) na carne do peito e no fígado e de monoinsaturados (P<0,05) nas carnes do peito e da coxa, fígado e moela.

Wound healing activity of Sesamum indicum L seed and oil in rats.

The seeds of S. indicum L (Pedaliaceae) are used traditionally in the folklore for the treatment of various kinds of wounds. The present study was undertaken to verify the effect of S. indicum seeds and its oil on experimentally induced excision wound, incision wound, burn wound and dead space wound models in rats. Aloe vera was used as standard wound healing agent. A formulation of seeds and oil was prepared in carbopol at 2.5% and 5% concentrations and applied to the wounds. In the excision and burn wound models, the so treated animals showed significant reduction in period of epithelization and wound contraction (50%). In the incision wound model a significant increase in the breaking strength was observed. Seeds and oil treatment (250 mg and 500 mg/kg; po) in dead space wound model, produced a significant increase in the breaking strength, dry weight and hydroxyproline content of the granulation tissue. The results suggest that S. indicum seeds and oil applied topically or administered orally possesses wound healing activity.

Trans fatty acid-forming processes in foods: a review

There is a mounting concern about the intake of foods containing trans fatty acids (TFA) due to their deleterious effects on human health, mainly on the cardiovascular system. In this way, it is important to consider the processes that form TFA in foods, and the alternatives to minimize them. Among the processes that result in the formation of TFA, the hydrogenation of vegetable oils stands out for its impact on the diet of people living in industrialized countries. Other processes such as edible oil refining, meat irradiation, food frying, and biohydrogenation also contribute to increase the daily intake of TFA.

Existe uma crescente preocupação em relação a ingestão elevada de ácidos graxos trans (AGT), devido aos seus efeitos desfavoráveis à saúde, principalmente sobre o sistema cardiovascular. Assim, é importante considerar os processos queoriginam os AGT nos alimentos, e as alternativas para minimizar a sua formação. Entre os processos que resultam na produção de AGT, a hidrogenação de óleos vegetais tem recebido o maior destaque por seu impacto na dieta de pessoas que vivem em países industrializados. Outros processos, como o refino de óleos vegetais, a irradiação de carnes, o preparo de alimentos fritos e a bio-hidrogenação, também contribuem para aumentar a ingestão diária de AGT.

Microbial degradation of palm (Elaeis guineensis )biodiesel

The kinetics of biodegradation of palm-derived fatty methyl and ethyl esters (Elaeis guineensis biodiesel) by a wild-type aerobic bacterial population was measured at 20 °C, as the rate of oxygen uptake by a manometric technique. The methyl and ethyl biodiesels were obtained by potassium-hydroxide catalysed transesterification of palm oil, respectively. The bacterial flora included the genera Bacillus, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Citrobacter and Enterobacter. The rate of oxygen uptake for palm biodiesel is similar to the quantity observed in the biodegradation of 1.0 mM solutions of simple substrates such as carbohydrates or amino acids.Palm methyl or ethyl biodiesel is subjected to facile aerobic biodegradation by wild-type bacteria commonly present in natural open environments. This result should lessen any environmental concern for its use as alternative fuel, solvent or lubricant.

La cinética de la biodegradación de los ésteres metílicos y etílicos derivados de palma (biodiesel) por una población silvestre de bacterias aeróbicas fue medida a 20 °C, como medición manométrica del consumo de oxígeno. Los ésteres metílicos y etílicos se obtuvieron por transesterificación del aceite de palma con metanol y etanol,respectivamente. La flora bacteriana incluyó a los géneros Bacillus, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Citrobacter y Enterobacter. Las velocidades de consumo de oxígeno para las muestras de biodiesel fueron similares a lo observado en la biodegradación de disoluciones 1.0 mM de sustratos sencillos solubles en agua, tales como carbohidratos, aminoácidos y albúmina de huevo.

Removal of heavy metal from industrial wastewater using chitosan coated oil palm shell charcoal

This research focuses on understanding biosorption process and developing a cost effective technology for treatment of heavy metals-contaminated industrial wastewater. A new composite biosorbent has been prepared by coating chitosan onto acid treated oil palm shell charcoal (AOPSC). Chitosan loading on the AOPSC support is about 21 percent by weight. The shape of the adsorbent is nearly spherical with particle diameter ranging 100~150 µm. The adsorption capacity of the composite biosorbent was evaluated by measuring the extent of adsorption of chromium metal ions from water under equilibrium conditions at 25ºC. Using Langmuir isotherm model, the equilibrium data yielded the following ultimate capacity values for the coated biosorbent on a per gram basis of chitosan: 154 mg Cr/g. Bioconversion of Cr (VI) to Cr (III) by chitosan was also observed and had been shown previously in other studies using plant tissues and mineral surfaces. After the biosorbent was saturated with the metal ions, the adsorbent was regenerated with 0.1 M sodium hydroxide. Maximum desorption of the metal takes place within 5 bed volumes while complete desorption occurs within 10 bed volumes. Details of preparation of the biosorbent, characterization, and adsorption studies are presented. Dominant sorption mechanisms are ionic interactions and complexation.

New bioemulsifiers produced by Candida lipolytica using D-glucose and babassu oil as carbon sources

Candida lipolytica IA 1055 produced extracellular biosurfactants with emulsification activity by fermentation using babassu oil and D-glucose as carbon sources. Natural seawater diluted at 50 percent supplemented with urea, ammonium sulfate, and phosphate was used as economic basal medium. The best results were achieved with the YSW-B2 medium, which contained urea, ammonium sulfate, and babassu oil and with YSW-B3 medium, which contained urea, ammonium sulfate, phosphate, and babassu oil, kept under fed batch fermentation for 60 hours with 5 percent of babassu oil. For the two media, the maximum specific growth rates were 0.02 h-1 and 0.04 h-1; the generation times were 34.6 h-1 and 17.3 h-1, and the emulsification activities were 0.666 and 0.158 units, respectively. The molecules of these new bioemulsifiers were contituted of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids.

Lipid peroxidation in different tissues: effect of high cholesterol and fish oil in the diet.

Malonyldialdehyde was measured in erythrocytes, aorta and spleen on feeding mice with high cholesterol diet in presence and absence of fish oil. Mice were grouped as: Group I: Control laboratory diet Group II: 0.16% cholesterol (sunflower oil) Group III: 1.16% cholesterol (sunflower oil) Group IV: 1.16% cholesterol (fish oil) After 7 weeks on their respective diets, erythrocytic, and splenic MDA levels were significantly higher in group III compared to controls. Also, MDA levels in aorta and spleen showed a significant increase in group IV males compared to group III males. However in group IV the erythrocyte MDA levels were almost equal to that in controls. This suggests that high cholesterol diet increases lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes, spleen and aorta. Addition of fish oil in the diet further increases lipid peroxidation in aorta and spleen, but not in the erythrocytes.

Distribuição esteroespecífica de lipídios estruturados a partir de gorduras de palma, palmiste e triacilgliceróis de cadeia média / Stereospecific distribution of strutured lipids obtained from palm oil, palm kernel oil

Por meio de interesterificação química foram sintetizados lipídios estruturados a partir das gorduras de palma, palmiste e triacilgliceróis de cadeia média. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a distribuição estereoespecífica dos ácidos graxos nos lipídios estruturados. Foi possível comprovar a ocorrência da interesterificação através da hidrólise enzimática, que permitiu conhecer a composição dos ácidos graxos em posições específicas dos triacilgliceróis. Foram estudadas 10 amostras, representadas por 3 amostras individuais, 3 misturas binárias e 4 misturas ternárias. As amostras foram submetidas à hidrólise com lipase pancreática suina à temperatura de 40º C...

Obtenção de lipídios estruturados por interesterificação de triacilgliceróis de cadeia média e longa / Structured lipids acquisition by medium and long chain tryacylglicerols interesterification

Através da mistura de óleos e gorduras e de posterior interesterificação, é possível obter compostos denominados de lipídios estruturados. Estes compostos formados pelo rearranjo de triacilgliceróis de cadeias médias e longas apresentam características físicas, químicas e nutricionais diferentes dos lipídios que lhes deram origem. Devido a sua potencial capacidade para a prevenção e tratamento de doenças também podem ser considerados "nutracêuticos" por apresentarem vantagens clínicas que se encontram associadas aos ácidos graxos de cadeia média (AGCM) e à estrutura particular de sua molécula lipídica formada pela interesterificação. Esta pesquisa empregou dois métodos de modificação de óleos e gorduras: mistura e interesterificação...

Respuesta de los ácidos grasos omega 3 y omega 6 del cerebro y eritrocitos de la progenie a la suplementación de la dieta de la nodriza con dos concentraciones de aceite de pescado / Response of omega 3 and omega 6 fatty oils of pups brains and erythrocytes to mother diet supplementation with 2 fish oil concentrations

Se evaluó el efecto de suplementar la dieta de la nodriza, con dos concentraciones de aceite de pescado, en el contenido de los ácidos grasos omega 3 y omega 6 altamente polisaturados (ò20C), de los lípidos de la leche y de los fosfolípidos del cerebro y glóbulos rojos de la progenie. Ratas preñadas cepa Wistar, se dividieron en tres grupos. Cada grupo fue alimentado, desde un día antes y durante 18 días post parto, con una de tres dietas. La dieta control contenía aceite de soya 10g/100g dieta, las dietas experimentales se prepararon reemplazando 0,2 o 0,6 gramos de aceite vegetal por aceite de pescado. El contenido de los ácidos grasos omega 3 (20:5n-3; EPA y 22:6n-3; DHA) y omega 6 (20:4n-6; AA), en la leche a los 18 días post parto, estuvo determinado por la magnitud de la suplementación. El más alto contenido de DHA y EPA y el menor contenido de AA, en glóbulos rojos, se observó en las crías de madres que consumieron la dieta con 0,2 por ciento de aceite de pescado. La concentración máxima de DHA y AA en el cerebro de la progenie, se logró con la leche de las nodrizas que consumieron la dieta 0,6 por ciento de aceite de pescado, la que aumentó la concentración del DHA y del AA en la leche a 1,44 por ciento y 1,15 por ciento de los ácidos grasos totales, respectivamente

Reducción del ácido docosahexaenoico: DHA, 22:6w3, durante el período de rápido desarrollo del cerebro de ratas: I. Efecto de la dieta materna deficiente en ácido alfa linolénico y alta en ácido linolénico / Reduction of docosahexaenoic acid: DHA, 22:6w3, during the period of rapid development of rat brain: I. Effect of maternal deficient in alpha linolenic acid and high in linolenic acid diet

Uno de los ácidos grasos piliinsaturados más abundantes en los lípidos del cerebro es el ácido docosahexaenoico (DHA, C22:6w3). Este se incorpora al tejido nervioso principalmente durante la visa uterina y en los primeros días de vida en la rata. Con el propósito de diseñar un modelo experimental que provoque una severa deficiencia de DHA en cerebro fetal y postnatal sometimos por generaciones sucesivas a ratas preñadas y nodrizas al consumo de una dieta deficiente en ácido alfa linolénico (18:3w3) y alta en ácido linolénico (18:2w6). La dieta deficiente se preparó con aceite de girasol al 10% y proporcionó 7,2 g de 18:2w6 y 10 mg de 18:3w3/100 g dieta. La dieta control se preparó con aceite de soya al 10% la que proporcionó 5,6 g de 18:2w6 y 740 mg de 18:3w3/100 g dieta. El análisis de los ácidos grasos de los fosfolípidos de cerebro de fetos de 20 días de edad gestacional de 2ª generación y el de crías con 18 días de vida postnatal de primera y segunda generación mostraron una significativa disminución del 22:6w3 y una elevación del 22:5w6 en el cerebro de la progenie de madres que consumieron la dieta con aceite de girasol con respecto a las alimentadas con dieta con aceite de soya. Esta compensación no fue cuantitativa pues la instauración total permaneció baja. No se observaron disminuciones progresivas en el contenido de 22:6w3 del cerebro en el período de lactancia con respecto a la disminución observada en el período prenatal. Se sugiere que el desarrollo prenatal del cerebro es el período de mayor vulnerabilidad a una deficiencia de ácidos grasos omega 3 dietéticos. Se propone este diseño nutricional experimental, en donde podría evaluarse la potencialidad de los aceites vegetales o marinos, fuentes de 18:3w3 ó 22:6w3 en su capacidad para revertir la deficiencia de 22:6w3 tisular